Perl 目录

• 

  目录

  以下是用于目录的标准函数。

  
  opendir DIRHANDLE, EXPR  # To open a directory
  readdir DIRHANDLE        # To read a directory
  rewinddir DIRHANDLE      # Positioning pointer to the begining
  telldir DIRHANDLE        # Returns current position of the dir
  seekdir DIRHANDLE, POS   # Pointing pointer to POS inside dir
  closedir DIRHANDLE       # Closing a directory.
  

• 

  显示所有文件

  有多种方法可以列出特定目录中所有可用的文件。首先，让我们使用简单的方法通过glob运算符获取并列出所有文件-

  
  # Display all the files in /tmp directory.
  $dir = "/tmp/*";
  my @files = glob( $dir );
  
  foreach (@files ) {
     print $_ . "\n";
  }
  
  # Display all the C source files in /tmp directory.
  $dir = "/tmp/*.c";
  @files = glob( $dir );
  
  foreach (@files ) {
     print $_ . "\n";
  }
  
  # Display all the hidden files.
  $dir = "/tmp/.*";
  @files = glob( $dir );
  foreach (@files ) {
     print $_ . "\n";
  }
  
  # Display all the files from /tmp and /home directories.
  $dir = "/tmp/* /home/*";
  @files = glob( $dir );
  
  foreach (@files ) {
     print $_ . "\n";
  }
  

  这是另一个示例，它打开一个目录并列出该目录中所有可用的文件。

  
  opendir (DIR, '.') or die "Couldn't open directory, $!";
  while ($file = readdir DIR) {
     print "$file\n";
  }
  closedir DIR;
  

  打印您可能只想列出的C源文件列表的另一个示例是-

  
  opendir(DIR, '.') or die "Couldn't open directory, $!";
  foreach (sort grep(/^.*\.c$/,readdir(DIR))) {
     print "$_\n";
  }
  closedir DIR;
  

• 

  建立新目录

  您可以使用 mkdir 函数来创建新目录。您将需要具有创建目录所需的权限。

  
  $dir = "/tmp/perl";
  
  # This creates perl directory in /tmp directory.
  mkdir( $dir ) or die "Couldn't create $dir directory, $!";
  print "Directory created successfully\n";
  

• 

  删除目录

  您可以使用 rmdir 函数删除目录。您将需要具有所需的权限才能删除目录。此外，在尝试删除该目录之前，该目录应该为空。

  
  $dir = "/tmp/perl";
  
  # This removes perl directory from /tmp directory.
  rmdir( $dir ) or die "Couldn't remove $dir directory, $!";
  print "Directory removed successfully\n";
  

• 

  变更目录

  您可以使用 chdir 函数来更改目录并转到新位置。您将需要具有所需的权限才能更改目录并进入新目录。

  
  $dir = "/home";
  
  # This changes perl directory  and moves you inside /home directory.
  chdir( $dir ) or die "Couldn't go inside $dir directory, $!";
  print "Your new location is $dir\n";