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  Spring Boot Tomcat 部署

  • Tomcat 部署

    通过使用Spring Boot应用程序，我们可以创建一个war文件来部署到Web服务器中。在本章中，您将学习如何创建WAR文件以及如何在Tomcat Web服务器中部署Spring Boot应用程序。

  • Spring Boot Servlet初始化器

    传统的部署方式是让Spring引导应用程序SpringBootApplication类扩展SpringBootServletInitializer类。Spring Boot Servlet初始化器类文件允许您在使用Servlet容器启动应用程序时配置它。下面给出了用于JAR文件部署的Spring Boot Application类文件的代码- 
    
package com.jc2182.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
   }
}
    我们需要扩展SpringBootServletInitializer类以支持WAR文件部署。Spring Boot Application类文件的代码如下 
    
package com.jc2182.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication  extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
      return application.sources(DemoApplication.class);
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
   }
}

  • 设置主类

    在Spring Boot中，我们需要提及应在构建文件中启动的主类。为此，您可以使用以下代码- 对于Maven，在pom.xml属性中添加start类，如下所示- 
    
<start-class>com.jc2182.demo.DemoApplication</start-class>
    对于Gradle，在build.gradle中添加主类名称，如下所示- 
    
mainClassName="com.tutorialspoint.demo.DemoApplication"

  • 将JAR包更新为WAR包

    我们必须使用以下代码将打包的JAR更新为WAR- 对于Maven，将包装作为WAR添加到pom.xml中，如下所示 
     
<packaging>war</packaging>
    对于Gradle，在build.gradle中添加application插件和war插件，如下所示- 
     
apply plugin: ‘war’
apply plugin: ‘application’
    现在，让我们编写一个简单的Rest Endpoint来返回字符串“Hello World from Tomcat”。要编写一个Rest Endpoint，我们需要将Spring Boot Web Starter依赖项添加到我们的构建文件中。对于Maven，使用如下所示的代码在pom.xml中添加Spring Boot启动器依赖项- 
     
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
    对于Gradle，使用如下所示的代码在build.gradle中添加Spring Boot启动器依赖项- 
     
dependencies {
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
}
    现在，使用如下所示的代码在Spring Boot Application类文件中编写一个简单的Rest Endpoint- 
     
package com.jc2182.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class DemoApplication  extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
      return application.sources(DemoApplication.class);
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
   }
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/")
   public String hello() {
      return "Hello World from Tomcat";
   }
}

  • 打包应用程序

    现在，通过使用Maven和Gradle命令打包应用程序，创建一个WAR文件以部署到Tomcat服务器中，如下所示
    对于Maven，请使用命令mvn package打包您的应用程序。然后，将创建WAR文件，您可以在target目录中找到它，如下面的屏幕快照所示-
    对于Gradle，请使用gradle clean build命令打包应用程序。然后，将创建您的WAR文件，您可以在build/ libs目录下找到它。观察此处给出的屏幕截图以更好地理解-

  • 部署到Tomcat

    现在，运行Tomcat服务器，并将WAR文件部署在webapps目录下。 成功部署后，在Web浏览器中单击URL http://localhost:8080/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/，观察此处显示的屏幕截图，以更好地理解-
    下面给出了用于本章的的完整代码。
    pom.xml 
    
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.jc2182</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>war</packaging>
        <name>demo</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

        <properties>
                <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <start-class>com.jc2182.demo.DemoApplication</start-class>
        </properties>

        <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                </dependency>

                <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                        <scope>test</scope>
                        <exclusions>
                                <exclusion>
                                        <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                                        <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                                </exclusion>
                        </exclusions>
                </dependency>
        </dependencies>

        <build>
                <plugins>
                        <plugin>
                                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        </plugin>
                </plugins>
        </build>

        <repositories>
                <repository>
                        <id>spring-milestones</id>
                        <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                        <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                </repository>
                <repository>
                        <id>spring-snapshots</id>
                        <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
                        <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
                        <snapshots>
                                <enabled>true</enabled>
                        </snapshots>
                </repository>
        </repositories>
        <pluginRepositories>
                <pluginRepository>
                        <id>spring-milestones</id>
                        <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                        <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                </pluginRepository>
                <pluginRepository>
                        <id>spring-snapshots</id>
                        <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
                        <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
                        <snapshots>
                                <enabled>true</enabled>
                        </snapshots>
                </pluginRepository>
        </pluginRepositories>

</project>
    build.gradle 
    
plugins {
        id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.3.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT'
        id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.9.RELEASE'
        id 'java'
        id 'war'
        id 'application'
}

group = 'com.jc2182'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '1.8'
mainClassName = "com.jc2182.demo.DemoApplication"

repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        maven { url 'https://repo.spring.io/milestone' }
        maven { url 'https://repo.spring.io/snapshot' }
}

dependencies {
        implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
        testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') {
                exclude group: 'org.junit.vintage', module: 'junit-vintage-engine'
        }
}

test {
        useJUnitPlatform()
}
    下面给出了主要的Spring Boot应用程序类文件的代码- 
    
package com.jc2182.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class DemoApplication  extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
      return application.sources(DemoApplication.class);
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
   }
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/")
   public String hello() {
      return "Hello World from Tomcat";
   }
}
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