Spring Boot与Websocket
在本章中，让我们了解如何通过将Spring Boot与Web Socket一起使用来构建交互式Web应用程序。要在带有websocket的Spring Boot中构建交互式Web应用程序，您需要添加以下依赖项。
Maven用户应在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
Gradle用户可以在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖项-
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-websocket'
注入配置-
package com.jc2182.demo;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;
@Configuration
public class WebSocketConfig {
@Bean
public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() {
return new ServerEndpointExporter();
}
}
现在，在application.properties文件中添加应用程序名称，如下所示：
构建配置文件的完整代码-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.jc2182</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.68</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-log</artifactId>
<version>4.1.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Gradle – build.gradle
plugins {
id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.2.6.RELEASE'
id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.9.RELEASE'
id 'java'
}
group = 'com.jc2182'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '1.8'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
ext {
set('springCloudVersion', "Hoxton.SR3")
}
dependencies {
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-websocket'
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf'
implementation 'com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.68'
implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.10'
implementation 'cn.hutool:hutool-log:4.1.17'
testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') {
exclude group: 'org.junit.vintage', module: 'junit-vintage-engine'
}
}
dependencyManagement {
imports {
mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}"
}
}
test {
useJUnitPlatform()
}
下面给出了，websocket服务实现的代码
您可以创建一个可执行的JAR文件，并使用以下Maven或Gradle命令运行Spring Boot应用程序。
package com.jc2182.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import javax.websocket.OnClose;
import javax.websocket.OnError;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.PathParam;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import cn.hutool.log.Log;
import cn.hutool.log.LogFactory;
/**
* @author zhengkai.blog.csdn.net
*/
@ServerEndpoint("/imserver/{userId}")
@Component
public class WebSocketServer {
static Log log=LogFactory.get(WebSocketServer.class);
/**静态变量，用来记录当前在线连接数。应该把它设计成线程安全的。*/
private static int onlineCount = 0;
/**concurrent包的线程安全Set，用来存放每个客户端对应的MyWebSocket对象。*/
private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,WebSocketServer> webSocketMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
/**与某个客户端的连接会话，需要通过它来给客户端发送数据*/
private Session session;
/**接收userId*/
private String userId="";
/**
* 连接建立成功调用的方法*/
@OnOpen
public void onOpen(Session session,@PathParam("userId") String userId) {
this.session = session;
this.userId=userId;
if(webSocketMap.containsKey(userId)){
webSocketMap.remove(userId);
webSocketMap.put(userId,this);
//加入set中
}else{
webSocketMap.put(userId,this);
//加入set中
addOnlineCount();
//在线数加1
}
log.info("用户连接:" + userId + ",当前在线人数为:" + getOnlineCount());
try {
sendMessage("连接成功");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("用户:"+userId+",网络异常!!!!!!");
}
}
/**
* 连接关闭调用的方法
*/
@OnClose
public void onClose() {
if(webSocketMap.containsKey(userId)){
webSocketMap.remove(userId);
//从set中删除
subOnlineCount();
}
log.info("用户退出:"+userId+",当前在线人数为:" + getOnlineCount());
}
/**
* 收到客户端消息后调用的方法
*
* @param message 客户端发送过来的消息*/
@OnMessage
public void onMessage(String message, Session session) {
log.info("用户消息:"+userId+",报文:"+message);
//可以群发消息
//消息保存到数据库、redis
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(message)){
try {
//解析发送的报文
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(message);
//追加发送人(防止串改)
jsonObject.put("fromUserId",this.userId);
String toUserId=jsonObject.getString("toUserId");
//传送给对应toUserId用户的websocket
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(toUserId)&&webSocketMap.containsKey(toUserId)){
webSocketMap.get(toUserId).sendMessage(jsonObject.toJSONString());
}else{
log.error("请求的userId:"+toUserId+"不在该服务器上");
//否则不在这个服务器上，发送到mysql或者redis
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
*
* @param session
* @param error
*/
@OnError
public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) {
log.error("用户错误:"+this.userId+",原因:"+error.getMessage());
error.printStackTrace();
}
/**
* 实现服务器主动推送
*/
public void sendMessage(String message) throws IOException {
this.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
}
/**
* 发送自定义消息
* */
public static void sendInfo(String message,@PathParam("userId") String userId) throws IOException {
log.info("发送消息到:"+userId+"，报文:"+message);
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(userId)&&webSocketMap.containsKey(userId)){
webSocketMap.get(userId).sendMessage(message);
}else{
log.error("用户"+userId+",不在线！");
}
}
public static synchronized int getOnlineCount() {
return onlineCount;
}
public static synchronized void addOnlineCount() {
WebSocketServer.onlineCount++;
}
public static synchronized void subOnlineCount() {
WebSocketServer.onlineCount--;
}
}
请求demo - 控制器
package com.jc2182.demo;
import com.jc2182.demo.WebSocketServer;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* WebSocketController
*/
@RestController
public class DemoController {
/**
* 请求测试
*/
@GetMapping("index")
public ResponseEntity<String> index(){
return ResponseEntity.ok("请求成功");
}
/**
* 客户端请求demo
*/
@GetMapping("page")
public ModelAndView page(){
return new ModelAndView("websocket");
}
/**
* 服务器主动推送demo
*/
@RequestMapping("/push/{toUserId}")
public ResponseEntity<String> pushToWeb(String message, @PathVariable String toUserId) throws IOException {
WebSocketServer.sendInfo(message,toUserId);
return ResponseEntity.ok("MSG SEND SUCCESS");
}
}
入口文件，spring boot application
package com.jc2182.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class WebSocketApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(WebSocketApplication.class, args);
}
}
html 模板文件 - websocket.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>websocket通讯</title>
</head>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>
<script>
var socket;
function openSocket() {
if(typeof(WebSocket) == "undefined") {
console.log("您的浏览器不支持WebSocket");
}else{
console.log("您的浏览器支持WebSocket");
var socketUrl="ws://localhost:9999/imserver/"+$("#userId").val();
console.log(socketUrl);
if(socket!=null){
socket.close();
socket=null;
}
socket = new WebSocket(socketUrl);
//打开事件
socket.onopen = function() {
console.log("websocket已打开");
//socket.send("这是来自客户端的消息" + location.href + new Date());
};
//获得消息事件
socket.onmessage = function(msg) {
console.log(msg.data);
//发现消息进入 开始处理前端触发逻辑
};
//关闭事件
socket.onclose = function() {
console.log("websocket已关闭");
};
//发生了错误事件
socket.onerror = function() {
console.log("websocket发生了错误");
}
}
}
function sendMessage() {
if(typeof(WebSocket) == "undefined") {
console.log("您的浏览器不支持WebSocket");
}else {
console.log("您的浏览器支持WebSocket");
console.log('{"toUserId":"'+$("#toUserId").val()+'","contentText":"'+$("#contentText").val()+'"}');
socket.send('{"toUserId":"'+$("#toUserId").val()+'","contentText":"'+$("#contentText").val()+'"}');
}
}
</script>
<body>
<p>【userId】：<div><input id="userId" name="userId" type="text" value="10"></div>
<p>【toUserId】：<div><input id="toUserId" name="toUserId" type="text" value="20"></div>
<p>【Content】：<div><input id="contentText" name="contentText" type="text" value="hello websocket"></div>
<p>【操作】：<div><button onclick="openSocket()">开启socket</button></div>
<p>【操作】：<div><button onclick="sendMessage()">发送消息</button></div>
</body>
</html>
现在可以构建一个可运行JAR文件
注意在测试类中的@SpringBootTest的注解加入参数（webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT），否则无法正常测试通过，或者在配置文件中删除测试的任务和依赖进行构建
对于Maven，您可以使用以下命令-
在“BUILD SUCCESS”之后，您可以在target目录下找到JAR文件。
对于Gradle，您可以使用以下命令-
在“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”之后，您可以在build/libs目录下找到JAR文件。
现在，使用如下所示的命令运行JAR文件：
您会发现该应用程序已在Tomcat端口9999上启动。
现在在您的Web浏览器中访问URL http://localhost:9999/index，您可以看到以下输出-
请求 - http://localhost:9999/page 并进行测试，推送消息
用另外一个窗口请求 - http://localhost:9999/page 可以看到上一个窗口发来的消息
推送消息 - http://localhost:9999/push/10?message=test 可以在浏览器和控制台看到如下情况
对于Maven，您可以使用以下命令-
现在在您的Web浏览器中访问URL http://localhost:9999/index，您可以看到以下输出-
请求 - http://localhost:9999/page 并进行测试，推送消息
用另外一个窗口请求 - http://localhost:9999/page 可以看到上一个窗口发来的消息
推送消息 - http://localhost:9999/push/10?message=test 可以在浏览器和控制台看到如下情况