WPF - 3D 图形 - 蝴蝶教程

简述

Windows 演示基础（WPF）提供了一种功能，用于根据应用程序要求绘制、转换 3D 图形并为其添加动画效果。它不支持完整的3D游戏开发，但在某种程度上，您可以创建3D图形。

通过组合 2D 和 3D 图形，您还可以创建丰富的控件、提供复杂的数据插图或增强应用程序界面的用户体验。“视口3D”元素将 3D 模型托管到我们的 WPF 应用程序中。

例

让我们举一个简单的例子来了解如何使用3D图形。

创建一个名为 WPF3D 图形的新 WPF 项目。
以下 XAML 代码演示如何使用 3D 几何图形创建 2D 对象。


<Window x:Class = "WPF3DGraphics.MainWindow" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:WPF3DGraphics" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "500" Width = "604"> 
   
   <Grid> 
      <Viewport3D> 
      
         <Viewport3D.Camera> 
            <PerspectiveCamera Position = "2,0,10" LookDirection = "0.2,0.4,-1"
               FieldOfView = "65" UpDirection = "0,1,0" /> 
         </Viewport3D.Camera> 
         
         <ModelVisual3D> 
            <ModelVisual3D.Content> 
               <Model3DGroup> 
                  <AmbientLight Color = "Bisque" /> 
                  
                  <GeometryModel3D> 
                     <GeometryModel3D.Geometry> 
                        <MeshGeometry3D Positions = "0,0,0 0,8,0 10,0,0 8,8,0"
                           Normals = "0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1" TriangleIndices = "0,2,1 1,2,3"/> 
                     </GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
                     
                     <GeometryModel3D.Material> 
                        <DiffuseMaterial Brush = "Bisque" /> 
                     </GeometryModel3D.Material> 
                  </GeometryModel3D>
                  
               </Model3DGroup> 
            </ModelVisual3D.Content> 
         </ModelVisual3D> 
         
      </Viewport3D> 
   </Grid> 
   
</Window>

当您编译并执行上述代码时，它将在3D中生成2D对象。

例

让我们看一下另一个显示 3D 对象的示例。

创建一个名为 WPF3D 图形1 的新 WPF 项目
以下 XAML 代码创建一个 3D 对象和一个滑块。在滑块的帮助下，您可以旋转此 3D 对象。


<Window x:Class = "WPF3DGraphics1.MainWindow" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:WPF3DGraphics1" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "525"> 
   
   <Grid>
      <Viewport3D Name="viewport3D1">
      
         <Viewport3D.Camera> 
            <PerspectiveCamera x:Name = "camMain" Position = "6 5 4" LookDirection = "-6 -5 -4"> 
            </PerspectiveCamera> 
         </Viewport3D.Camera>
      
         <ModelVisual3D> 
            <ModelVisual3D.Content> 
               <DirectionalLight x:Name = "dirLightMain" Direction = "-1,-1,-1"> 
               </DirectionalLight> 
            </ModelVisual3D.Content> 
         </ModelVisual3D>
      
         <ModelVisual3D x:Name = "MyModel"> 
            <ModelVisual3D.Content> 
               <GeometryModel3D>
            
                  <GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
                     <MeshGeometry3D x:Name = "meshMain"
                        Positions = "0 0 0  1 0 0  0 1 0  1 1 0  0 0 1  1 0 1  0 1 1  0 1 1"  
                        TriangleIndices = "2 3 1  3 1 0  7 1 3  7 5 1  6 5 7  6 4 5  6 2 0
                        2 0 4  2 7 3  2 6 7  0 1 5  0 5 4"> 
                     </MeshGeometry3D> 
                  </GeometryModel3D.Geometry> 
               
                  <GeometryModel3D.Material> 
                     <DiffuseMaterial x:Name = "matDiffuseMain">
                        <DiffuseMaterial.Brush> 
                           <SolidColorBrush Color = "Bisque"/> 
                        </DiffuseMaterial.Brush> 
                     </DiffuseMaterial> 
                  </GeometryModel3D.Material> 
               
               </GeometryModel3D>
            </ModelVisual3D.Content>
          
            <ModelVisual3D.Transform>                         
               <RotateTransform3D> 
                  <RotateTransform3D.Rotation> 
                     <AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name = "rotate" Axis = "1 2 1"/> 
                  </RotateTransform3D.Rotation> 
               </RotateTransform3D>
            </ModelVisual3D.Transform> 
          
         </ModelVisual3D> 
      </Viewport3D>
      
      <Slider Height = "23" HorizontalMoognment = "Left"  
         Margin = "145,271,0,0" Name = "slider1" 
         VerticalMoognment = "Top" Width = "269"  
         Maximum = "360" 
         Value = "{Binding ElementName = rotate, Path=Angle}" /> 
         
   </Grid> 
   
</Window>

运行应用程序时，它将在窗口上生成一个 3D 对象和一个滑块。

滑动滑块时，窗口中的对象也将旋转。

我们建议您执行上述代码并尝试更多 3D 几何图形。