SQLite - 语法

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  简述

  SQLite 遵循一组独特的规则和指南，称为语法。本章列出了所有基本的 SQLite 语法。
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  区分大小写

  需要注意的重点是 SQLite 是 大小写敏感, 即 GLOB 和 glob 在 SQLite 语句中具有相同的含义。
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  注释

  SQLite 注释是额外的注释，您可以将其添加到 SQLite 代码中以增加其可读性，并且它们可以出现在任何地方；空格可以出现，包括表达式内部和其他 SQL 语句的中间，但它们不能嵌套。

  SQL 注释以两个连续的“-”字符 (ASCII 0x2d) 开头，并一直延伸到并包括下一个换行符 (ASCII 0x0a) 或直到输入结束，以先到者为准。

  您还可以使用 C 风格的注释，它以“/*”开头并扩展到并包括下一个“*/”字符对或直到输入结束，以先到者为准。C 风格的注释可以跨越多行。

  
  sqlite> .help -- This is a single line comment
  

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  SQLite 语句

  所有 SQLite 语句都以任何关键字开头，例如 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP 等，并且所有语句都以分号 (;) 结尾。

  SQLite ANALYZE 语句

  
  ANALYZE;
  or
  ANALYZE database_name;
  or
  ANALYZE database_name.table_name;
  

  SQLite AND/OR 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;
  

  SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句

  
  ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;
  

  SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句（重命名）

  
  ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;
  

  SQLite ATTACH DATABASE 语句

  
  ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Mooas-Name';
  

  SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句

  
  BEGIN;
  or
  BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;
  

  SQLite BETWEEN 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;
  

  SQLite COMMIT 语句

  
  COMMIT;
  

  SQLite CREATE INDEX 语句

  
  CREATE INDEX index_name
  ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );
  

  SQLite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 语句

  
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
  ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);
  

  SQLite CREATE TABLE 语句

  
  CREATE TABLE table_name(
     column1 datatype,
     column2 datatype,
     column3 datatype,
     .....
     columnN datatype,
     PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
  );
  

  SQLite CREATE TRIGGER 语句

  
  CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name 
  BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
  BEGIN 
     stmt1; 
     stmt2;
     ....
  END;
  

  SQLite CREATE VIEW 语句

  
  CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name AS
  SELECT statement....;
  

  SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 语句

  
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
  or
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );
  

  SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句

  
  COMMIT;
  

  SQLite 计数子句

  
  SELECT COUNT(column_name)
  FROM table_name
  WHERE CONDITION;
  

  SQLite DELETE 语句

  
  DELETE FROM table_name
  WHERE {CONDITION};
  

  SQLite DETACH DATABASE 语句

  
  DETACH DATABASE 'Mooas-Name';
  

  SQLite DISTINCT 子句

  
  SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name;
  

  SQLite DROP INDEX 语句

  
  DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;
  

  SQLite DROP TABLE 语句

  
  DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;
  

  SQLite DROP VIEW 语句

  
  DROP INDEX database_name.view_name;
  

  SQLite DROP TRIGGER 语句

  
  DROP INDEX database_name.trigger_name;
  

  SQLite EXISTS 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM   table_name );
  

  SQLite EXPLAIN 语句

  
  EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
  or 
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;
  

  SQLite GLOB 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };
  

  SQLite GROUP BY 子句

  
  SELECT SUM(column_name)
  FROM table_name
  WHERE CONDITION
  GROUP BY column_name;
  

  SQLite HAVING 子句

  
  SELECT SUM(column_name)
  FROM table_name
  WHERE CONDITION
  GROUP BY column_name
  HAVING (arithematic function condition);
  

  SQLite INSERT INTO 语句

  
  INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
  VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);
  

  SQLite IN 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);
  

  SQLite Like 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };
  

  SQLite NOT IN 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);
  

  SQLite ORDER BY 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE CONDITION
  ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};
  

  SQLite PRAGMA 语句

  
  PRAGMA pragma_name;
  For example:
  PRAGMA page_size;
  PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
  PRAGMA table_info(table_name);
  

  SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句

  
  RELEASE savepoint_name;
  

  SQLite REINDEX 语句

  
  REINDEX collation_name;
  REINDEX database_name.index_name;
  REINDEX database_name.table_name;
  

  SQLite ROLLBACK 语句

  
  ROLLBACK;
  or
  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;
  

  SQLite SAVEPOINT 语句

  
  SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;
  

  SQLite SELECT 语句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name;
  

  SQLite 更新语句

  
  UPDATE table_name
  SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
  [ WHERE  CONDITION ];
  

  SQLite VACUUM 语句

  
  VACUUM;
  

  SQLite WHERE 子句

  
  SELECT column1, column2....columnN
  FROM table_name
  WHERE CONDITION;